Scale bands specify a map scale in which every single layer is visible on the map.
Setting a scale band for map layers:
Sample:
The following scale bands are defined:
Now let's take a look at the sample Roads feature class.
In the scale band definition, for the Roads class, the scale bands 1:40 000 and 1:500 000 has been selected, so the entire scale band settings are:
In practice, this means that the Roads:
Interval closure for the scale band denominator range is defined as (min, max]
If you take a look at the picture below, showing values of the sample scale ranges listed in the Feature class > Scale bands context menu, you can note that the smaller scale (min value) in the given scale range is this scale at which the object is not displayed anymore. The bigger scale (max value) is that one at which the object is displayed e.g.: for 'Scale Band 1' the 1:1 scale is bigger (max) than 1:40 000 (min).
Scale bands functionality allows you to prevent displaying certain layers on certain zoom levels, even if the service would return an appropriate image for this layer, this particular layer will be excluded from the GetMap request.
Scale hints in Web services like WMS/WMTS inform when layers may not return appropriate images. This is used in the portal to display legend items representing those layers in grey (also prevent its presence in the GetMap request). According to the OGC WMS 1.3.0 specification, the scale denominator values are guidelines for clients, not firm limits. Upon receiving a request for a map that is not within the scale denominator range, the server may return a blank map, or may return a portrayal of the Layer that is crowded with features or otherwise poorly suited for display.
Portal scale bands and service scale hints are independent of each other. Scale bands may be used to filter out more than the scale hints do.